Many men monitor their cholesterol or blood pressure, but rarely think about their vitamin D levels. However, this vitamin — which the body produces in part thanks to the sun — could also play a key role in prostate health.
Indeed, vitamin D is involved in many functions: it helps fix calcium, supports bones and contributes to the proper functioning of the immune system. It also acts on different organs, including the prostate, via specific receptors.
Vitamin D and prostate: a link still under study
Prostate cells have vitamin D receptors (called VDRs). When vitamin D is activated in the body (in the form of calcitriol), it can bind to these receptors and influence certain cellular mechanisms, including those that regulate cell growth and death.
In the laboratory, studies have shown that this active form can slow the multiplication of certain prostate cells, including cancer cells. But in humans, the results still remain uncertain.
What is certain, however, is that vitamin D deficiency is common, especially in winter. Recommendations are around 600 IU per day for adults, but many people do not reach these intakes.
Benign hypertrophy and cancer: what the research says
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is very common after the age of 50. It can lead to various urinary disorders, such as frequent urges or a weaker stream.
Some studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation may improve these symptoms. For example, in men with BPH, regular intake of vitamin D has been associated with a reduction in urinary problems and a reduction in certain markers such as PSA levels (a substance released into the blood by the prostate).
Regarding prostate cancer, several observational studies have found a link between low vitamin D levels and a higher risk, or more aggressive forms. Other work suggests, on the contrary, that higher levels could be protective.
But be careful: the results are not always consistent. Large studies have not shown a clear reduction in cancer risk with vitamin D supplementation. So far, there is no strong evidence of a preventive effect.
Should you supplement?
Health authorities remind that vitamin D must be taken with caution. Doses that are too high can cause side effects, such as digestive problems, kidney stones or heart problems.
To date, there is no specific recommendation for taking vitamin D to prevent prostate cancer.
In practice, it is advisable — especially after the age of 50 — to talk about it with your doctor. A blood test can be used to check the level, and to adapt the diet or possible supplementation if necessary.