In France, coffee is the most consumed drink after water. According to Statista, each French person consumes on average 3.4 kilos per year. For many, the first cup arrives as soon as they wake up, even before breakfast.
For years, an idea has often come up: drinking coffee on an empty stomach damages the stomach. Some think it promotes ulcers or burns. But what do doctors really say?
Drinking coffee on an empty stomach: what are the effects on the stomach?
Questioned by the New York Timesgastroenterologist Kim Barrett, professor at the University of California, recalls that the stomach has a thick layer of mucus which protects it.
She explains that it would be necessary to consume a very aggressive substance “so that the stomach’s defenses are broken down because it is constantly in a very unfavorable and damaging environment“. She adds: “That’s how the stomach does its job.” In a healthy person, drinking coffee on an empty stomach does not cause ulcers.
The studies cited by the specialist show no link between coffee consumption and the appearance of a peptic ulcer, even with three or more cups per day.
On the other hand, black coffee drunk alone can make the stomach more acidic. It can also irritate the lining of the esophagus. In people with gastroesophageal reflux disease, it can cause heartburn or acid reflux.
Dr. Trisha Pasricha, a gastroenterologist at Massachusetts General Hospital, advises listening to your body. If coffee causes burns, she recommends drinking it with breakfast or adding a little milk to it.
She summarizes: “But if you don’t notice any symptoms, you’re probably someone who doesn’t suffer from severe reflux after coffee and can continue drinking it with peace of mind.”
Coffee on an empty stomach, reflux and hypertension: people who need to be careful
Cleveland Clinic specialists point out that ulcers are mainly caused by bacterial infection.
Helicobacter pylori or by prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Coffee is not considered a cause.
But in practice, people who already suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease or esophagitis should remain cautious.
Severe high blood pressure also requires special vigilance. A study published in December 2022 showed that drinking at least two cups of coffee per day could double the risk of cardiovascular death in these patients. Researchers believe they are more sensitive to the effects of caffeine on blood pressure and heart rate. Medical advice is still recommended.
How do you know if coffee on an empty stomach is right for you?
Doctors at the Cleveland Clinic point out that caffeine is absorbed more quickly when the stomach is empty. In some people, this may increase nervousness, palpitations or tremors.
To find out if your body supports it well, a simple test is possible. Keep the same amount of coffee for a week, but accompany it with a food or a little low-fat milk. Then compare your feelings and your possible symptoms.