Listeriosis is not a food poisoning like any other. Originally, the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes stands out for its ability to survive. In fact, it resists salt and continues to multiply in the cold of our refrigerators. With an incubation period that can range from a few days to several weeks, identifying the culprit food is often a challenge.
You think of a simple gastro, what if it was listeriosis
In its mildest form, listeriosis resembles classic gastroenteritis: fever, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea which often resolve on their own. However, the scenario can worsen quickly in fragile people.
“Listeriosis is a rare but serious infection caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. It is often transmitted through food, particularly in vulnerable people such as pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and the elderly. Initial symptoms include fever, chills, headache and muscle pain, but the infection can progress to very serious invasive forms, such as sepsis or meningitis. specifies Dr Gérald Kierzek.
In pregnant women, a common fever can hide a serious infection
If there is one group that needs to be extra careful, it is that of expectant mothers. For them, the symptoms are often misleading and resemble a simple flu-like illness. However, the consequences for the fetus can be dramatic.
“You should know that benign gastrointestinal forms often resolve spontaneously. On the other hand, in individuals at risk, the bacteria can cause meningoencephalitis or major pregnancy complications. This is why any fever in a pregnant woman should be considered listeriosis until proven otherwise and requires immediate antibiotics.“insists Dr. Kierzek.
Prevention and diagnosis: good daily reflexes
Diagnosis is usually based on a blood test (blood culture) or cerebrospinal fluid. Once confirmed, the infection is treated with a course of antibiotics, often based on amoxicillin. But to avoid getting to this point, prevention remains your best ally.
To limit the risks, here are the golden rules to adopt in the kitchen:
- Cooking: Cook meats and fish thoroughly;
- Hygiene: Wash vegetables and aromatic herbs thoroughly;
- The organization: Strictly separate raw foods from cooked foods in your refrigerator (which should be set at 5°C or lower);
- Foods to ban (for people at risk): Avoid raw milk cheeses (soft cheeses), cold meats, smoked fish, raw meats and sprouted seeds.
When to consult? If you have an unexplained fever above 38.5°C accompanied by headache or digestive problems that persist after three days, do not wait. A rapid assessment is essential, especially if you belong to a category of fragile people.