In Rouen (Seine-Maritime), a student from the Pasteur university site was diagnosed with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosisresponsible for tuberculosis. The information, confirmed during the day by ARS Normandy, immediately triggered a health investigation. More than 160 people – students and teachers – have been identified as contact cases.
Massive screening implemented in Rouen
As soon as the case was confirmed, ARS Normandy mandated the Seine-Maritime Anti-Tuberculosis Center (CLAT 76) to launch targeted screening.
Chest x-rays and blood tests are offered to identify possible latent or active forms of tuberculosis among identified contacts. The ARS specifies that “people in contact with the case do not have to put in place specific barrier measures apart from the recommended measures in the event of respiratory symptoms.”. Therefore, priority is given to active surveillance and screening rather than generalized isolation.
Who is affected and how is the disease transmitted?
The person initially infected is a student whose identity remains protected for reasons of medical secrecy and confidentiality. But the repercussions are already being felt among his comrades. “It scares me a little, I feel like we’re in the Middle Ages, I’ve never heard of a case of tuberculosis in my life.” confides a young student interviewed by France 3.
A second case, not yet officially confirmed by the ARS, is circulating among students. But how is the disease transmitted?
“Tuberculosis is most often transmitted through the air, when the sick person coughs, sneezes or talks. But contagion generally requires prolonged, close contact in confined environments.” recalls Dr. Gérald Kierzek, emergency physician and medical director of True Medical.
What to do if you come into contact with a person with tuberculosis?
If you think you have been in contact with a sick person, the procedure to follow is as follows, according to Dr. Gérald Kierzek.
“A screening test will usually be done to determine if you have been infected. This may include a tuberculin skin test or blood test (IGRA test). Even if the initial test is negative, a period of monitoring may be recommended, with regular checks over several months. If latent tuberculosis infection is detected, preventive antibiotic treatment may be prescribed. This treatment aims to prevent the development of active tuberculosis.he confides.
Tuberculosis: in general, how to protect yourself from it?
If you have not been infected, it remains essential to protect yourself. Dr Gérald Kierzek invites:
- Wear a respiratory protection mask (FFP2) in the presence of the infected person. Especially in confined spaces or for prolonged periods;
- Maintain good hand hygiene, using a hydroalcoholic solution for 30 seconds;
- Avoid prolonged and close contact with the infected person until they are no longer contagious;
- Stay alert for the appearance of symptoms. In particular a persistent cough, fever, weight loss;
- Consult immediately if in doubt.
An unexpected return of an old illness
In France, between 4000 and 5000 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis are still reported each year. Dr. Kierzek points out that this disease circulates a lot. “People travel, the disease circulates nationally and internationally. It’s not surprising: we haven’t yet succeeded in eradicating it from around the world.”
he recalls.
Fortunately, tuberculosis is generally treatable without complications thanks to appropriate antibiotic therapy, often lasting around six months.
“Scrupulous compliance with the prescription is essential to avoid relapses and prevent the appearance of resistant strains“insists our expert.
In terms of vaccination, the BCG vaccine has no longer been compulsory in France since 2007. It remains recommended for children presenting a high risk, according to defined criteria (origin from a country with high endemicity, planned extended stay in these countries, recent family history, etc.).
Even if it does not offer absolute protection in adulthood, it remains a tool for preventing serious forms when administered early. “This remains the best protection among the most vulnerable populations.” concludes Dr. Kierzek.
FAQ – Tuberculosis: how to protect yourself and react?
1. How to avoid getting tuberculosis?
Transmission occurs through the air, through coughing or sneezing. Avoid prolonged contact with a contagious person. Ventilate closed rooms regularly. The BCG vaccine remains the best protection for exposed children. Above all, it reduces the risk of serious forms.
2. What signs should alert?
A cough that persists for more than three weeks should require consultation. Other possible symptoms: fatigue, weight loss, low-grade fever or night sweats. If you are returning from a country where tuberculosis is common, testing is recommended even without obvious symptoms.
3. How is tuberculosis treated?
Treatment involves several antibiotics taken for about six months. It is effective if followed rigorously, without interruption. Regular medical monitoring is essential to avoid relapses and prevent resistance of the bacillus. Complete recovery is the rule in the majority of cases.